Livestock Metabolome Database: Showing metabocard for L-Leucine (LMDB00215)

Identification Taxonomy Ontology Physical properties Spectra Biological properties Concentrations Links References XML

Record Information

Version

1.0

Creation Date

2016-07-13 19:44:54 UTC

Update Date

2021-04-30 20:57:58 UTC

Lmdb

LMDB00215

Secondary Accession Numbers

None

Metabolite Identification

Common Name

L-Leucine

Description

Branched chain amino acids (BCAA) are essential amino acids whose carbon structure is marked by a branch point. These three amino acids are critical to animal life and are particularly involved in stress, energy and muscle metabolism. BCAA supplementation as therapy, both oral and intravenous, in animal health and disease holds great promise. 'BCAA' denotes valine, isoleucine and leucine which are branched chain essential amino acids. Despite their structural similarities, the branched amino acids have different metabolic routes, with valine going solely to carbohydrates, leucine solely to fats and isoleucine to both. The different metabolism accounts for different requirements for these essential amino acids in animals: 12 mg/kg, 14 mg/kg and 16 mg/kg of valine, leucine and isoleucine respectively. Furthermore, these amino acids have different deficiency symptoms. Valine deficiency is marked by neurological defects in the brain, while isoleucine deficiency is marked by muscle tremors. Many types of inborn errors of BCAA metabolism exist, and are marked by various abnormalities. The most common form is the maple syrup urine disease, marked by a characteristic urinary odor. Other abnormalities are associated with a wide range of symptoms, such as mental retardation, ataxia, hypoglycemia, spinal muscle atrophy, rash, vomiting and excessive muscle movement. Most forms of BCAA metabolism errors are corrected by dietary restriction of BCAA and at least one form is correctable by supplementation with 10 mg of biotin daily. BCAA are useful because they are metabolized primarily by muscle. Stress state- e.g surgery, trauma, cirrhosis, infections, fever and starvation--require proportionately more BCAA than other amino acids and probably proportionately more leucine than either valine or isoleucine. BCAA and other amino acids are frequently fed intravenously (TPN) to malnourished surgical patients and in some cases of severe trauma. BCAA, particularly leucine, stimulate protein synthesis, increase reutilization of amino acids in many organs and reduce protein breakdown. Furthermore, leucine can be an important source of calories, and is superior as fuel to the ubiquitous intravenous glucose (dextrose). Leucine also stimulates insulin release, which in turn stimulates protein synthesis and inhibits protein breakdown. These effects are particularly useful in athletic training. BCAA should also replace the use of steroids as commonly used by weightlifters. Huntington's chorea and anorexic disorders both are characterized by low serum BCAA. These diseases, as well as forms of Parkinson's, may respond to BCAA therapy. BCAA, and particularly leucine, are among the amino acids most essential for muscle health. (http://www.dcnutrition.com).

Structure

MOL SDF PDB SMILES InChI

Synonyms

Value	Source
(2S)-2-Amino-4-methylpentanoic acid	ChEBI
(2S)-alpha-2-Amino-4-methylvaleric acid	ChEBI
(2S)-alpha-Leucine	ChEBI
(S)-(+)-Leucine	ChEBI
(S)-Leucine	ChEBI
2-Amino-4-methylvaleric acid	ChEBI
L	ChEBI
L-Leucin	ChEBI
L-Leuzin	ChEBI
Leu	ChEBI
LEUCINE	ChEBI
(2S)-2-Amino-4-methylpentanoate	Generator
(2S)-a-2-Amino-4-methylvalerate	Generator
(2S)-a-2-Amino-4-methylvaleric acid	Generator
(2S)-alpha-2-Amino-4-methylvalerate	Generator
(2S)-Α-2-amino-4-methylvalerate	Generator
(2S)-Α-2-amino-4-methylvaleric acid	Generator
(2S)-a-Leucine	Generator
(2S)-Α-leucine	Generator
2-Amino-4-methylvalerate	Generator
(S)-2-Amino-4-methylpentanoate	HMDB
(S)-2-Amino-4-methylpentanoic acid	HMDB
(S)-2-Amino-4-methylvalerate	HMDB
(S)-2-Amino-4-methylvaleric acid	HMDB
4-Methyl-L-norvaline	HMDB
L-(+)-Leucine	HMDB
L-a-Aminoisocaproate	HMDB
L-a-Aminoisocaproic acid	HMDB
L-alpha-Aminoisocaproate	HMDB
L-alpha-Aminoisocaproic acid	HMDB
Leucine, L-isomer	HMDB
L-Isomer leucine	HMDB
Leucine, L isomer	HMDB

Chemical Formula

C₆H₁₃NO₂

Average Molecular Weight

131.1729

Monoisotopic Molecular Weight

131.094628665

IUPAC Name

(2S)-2-amino-4-methylpentanoic acid

Traditional Name

L-leucine

CAS Registry Number

61-90-5

SMILES

CC(C)C[C@H](N)C(O)=O

InChI Identifier

InChI=1S/C6H13NO2/c1-4(2)3-5(7)6(8)9/h4-5H,3,7H2,1-2H3,(H,8,9)/t5-/m0/s1

InChI Key

ROHFNLRQFUQHCH-YFKPBYRVSA-N

Chemical Taxonomy

Description

belongs to the class of organic compounds known as leucine and derivatives. Leucine and derivatives are compounds containing leucine or a derivative thereof resulting from reaction of leucine at the amino group or the carboxy group, or from the replacement of any hydrogen of glycine by a heteroatom.

Kingdom

Organic compounds

Super Class

Organic acids and derivatives

Class

Carboxylic acids and derivatives

Sub Class

Amino acids, peptides, and analogues

Direct Parent

Leucine and derivatives

Alternative Parents

Substituents

Leucine or derivatives
Alpha-amino acid
L-alpha-amino acid
Branched fatty acid
Methyl-branched fatty acid
Fatty acid
Fatty acyl
Amino acid
Monocarboxylic acid or derivatives
Carboxylic acid
Organic oxide
Organopnictogen compound
Primary amine
Organooxygen compound
Organonitrogen compound
Primary aliphatic amine
Carbonyl group
Organic oxygen compound
Amine
Organic nitrogen compound
Hydrocarbon derivative
Aliphatic acyclic compound

Molecular Framework

Aliphatic acyclic compounds

External Descriptors

proteinogenic amino acid (CHEBI:15603 )
L-alpha-amino acid (CHEBI:15603 )
leucine (CHEBI:15603 )
pyruvate family amino acid (CHEBI:15603 )
Common amino acids (C00123 )

Ontology

Status

Detected and Quantified

Origin

Not Available

Biofunction

Not Available

Application

Not Available

Cellular locations

Not Available

Physical Properties

State

Not Available

Experimental Properties

Property	Value	Reference
Melting Point	Not Available	Not Available
Boiling Point	Not Available	Not Available
Water Solubility	Not Available	Not Available
LogP	Not Available	Not Available

Predicted Properties

Property	Value	Source
logP	-1.8	ALOGPS
logP	-1.6	ChemAxon
logS	-0.27	ALOGPS
pKa (Strongest Acidic)	2.79	ChemAxon
pKa (Strongest Basic)	9.52	ChemAxon
Physiological Charge	0	ChemAxon
Hydrogen Acceptor Count	3	ChemAxon
Hydrogen Donor Count	2	ChemAxon
Polar Surface Area	63.32 Å²	ChemAxon
Rotatable Bond Count	3	ChemAxon
Refractivity	34.17 m³·mol⁻¹	ChemAxon
Polarizability	14.16 Å³	ChemAxon
Number of Rings	0	ChemAxon
Bioavailability	Yes	ChemAxon
Rule of Five	Yes	ChemAxon
Ghose Filter	Yes	ChemAxon
Veber's Rule	Yes	ChemAxon
MDDR-like Rule	Yes	ChemAxon

Spectra

Spectrum Type	Description	Splash Key	View
GC-MS	GC-MS Spectrum - GC-EI-TOF (Pegasus III TOF-MS system, Leco; GC 6890, Agilent Technologies) (2 TMS)	splash10-0pb9-0900000000-c0176b3cef05fc597576	Spectrum
GC-MS	GC-MS Spectrum - GC-EI-TOF (Pegasus III TOF-MS system, Leco; GC 6890, Agilent Technologies) (2 TMS)	splash10-0a4i-0900000000-eb7cee37b9d78694010c	Spectrum
GC-MS	GC-MS Spectrum - GC-EI-TOF (Pegasus III TOF-MS system, Leco; GC 6890, Agilent Technologies) (2 TMS)	splash10-0a4i-0900000000-7033b5fdcd4216168462	Spectrum
GC-MS	GC-MS Spectrum - GC-EI-TOF (Pegasus III TOF-MS system, Leco; GC 6890, Agilent Technologies) (Non-derivatized)	splash10-0a4i-0900000000-cd1de48a6db61eb4455e	Spectrum
GC-MS	GC-MS Spectrum - GC-EI-TOF (Pegasus III TOF-MS system, Leco; GC 6890, Agilent Technologies) (2 TMS)	splash10-05fr-7900000000-e3b993b282ec2115b484	Spectrum
GC-MS	GC-MS Spectrum - EI-B (Non-derivatized)	splash10-0019-9000000000-6e468213b3429cf627bc	Spectrum
GC-MS	GC-MS Spectrum - EI-B (Non-derivatized)	splash10-0a4i-0900000000-ef06e48ca82519977a37	Spectrum
GC-MS	GC-MS Spectrum - GC-EI-TOF (Non-derivatized)	splash10-0pb9-0900000000-c0176b3cef05fc597576	Spectrum
GC-MS	GC-MS Spectrum - GC-EI-TOF (Non-derivatized)	splash10-0a4i-0900000000-eb7cee37b9d78694010c	Spectrum
GC-MS	GC-MS Spectrum - GC-EI-TOF (Non-derivatized)	splash10-0a4i-0900000000-7033b5fdcd4216168462	Spectrum
GC-MS	GC-MS Spectrum - GC-EI-TOF (Non-derivatized)	splash10-0a4i-0900000000-cd1de48a6db61eb4455e	Spectrum
GC-MS	GC-MS Spectrum - GC-EI-QQ (Non-derivatized)	splash10-0udi-1391000000-5183562a14017e557e33	Spectrum
GC-MS	GC-MS Spectrum - GC-EI-TOF (Non-derivatized)	splash10-05fr-7900000000-e3b993b282ec2115b484	Spectrum
Predicted GC-MS	Predicted GC-MS Spectrum - GC-MS (Non-derivatized) - 70eV, Positive	splash10-0006-9000000000-70cdb961a0819be4318a	Spectrum
Predicted GC-MS	Predicted GC-MS Spectrum - GC-MS (1 TMS) - 70eV, Positive	splash10-000i-9100000000-991398731b9d8305622c	Spectrum
Predicted GC-MS	Predicted GC-MS Spectrum - GC-MS (Non-derivatized) - 70eV, Positive	Not Available	Spectrum
Predicted GC-MS	Predicted GC-MS Spectrum - GC-MS (Non-derivatized) - 70eV, Positive	Not Available	Spectrum
Predicted GC-MS	Predicted GC-MS Spectrum - GC-MS (TMS_1_2) - 70eV, Positive	Not Available	Spectrum
Predicted GC-MS	Predicted GC-MS Spectrum - GC-MS (TBDMS_1_1) - 70eV, Positive	Not Available	Spectrum
Predicted GC-MS	Predicted GC-MS Spectrum - GC-MS (TBDMS_1_2) - 70eV, Positive	Not Available	Spectrum
LC-MS/MS	LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Quattro_QQQ 10V, Positive (Annotated)	splash10-000i-9100000000-05b5a7a191a32803595e	Spectrum
LC-MS/MS	LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Quattro_QQQ 25V, Positive (Annotated)	splash10-0006-9000000000-5302e9c96e75e06e9705	Spectrum
LC-MS/MS	LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Quattro_QQQ 40V, Positive (Annotated)	splash10-0006-9000000000-9e70778b46864cd22996	Spectrum
LC-MS/MS	LC-MS/MS Spectrum - EI-B (HITACHI M-80) , Positive	splash10-0019-9000000000-6e468213b3429cf627bc	Spectrum
LC-MS/MS	LC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-ITFT (LTQ Orbitrap XL, Thermo Scientfic) , Positive	splash10-001i-0900000000-4f403c61aaa8a103c049	Spectrum
LC-MS/MS	LC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-ITFT (LTQ Orbitrap XL, Thermo Scientfic) , Positive	splash10-000i-9000000000-d85fcc558423654f45fd	Spectrum
LC-MS/MS	LC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-ITFT (LTQ Orbitrap XL, Thermo Scientfic) , Positive	splash10-000i-9000000000-931937d3bdd49b3ae623	Spectrum
LC-MS/MS	LC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-ITFT (LTQ Orbitrap XL, Thermo Scientfic) , Positive	splash10-0002-0930000000-aa1256c9224fecacf025	Spectrum
LC-MS/MS	LC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-ITFT (LTQ Orbitrap XL, Thermo Scientfic) , Positive	splash10-001i-0900000000-0a72425a86f804d3a16b	Spectrum
LC-MS/MS	LC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-ITFT (LTQ Orbitrap XL, Thermo Scientfic) , Positive	splash10-000i-9000000000-4ed8cafebf4ee4e82e6a	Spectrum
LC-MS/MS	LC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-ITFT (LTQ Orbitrap XL, Thermo Scientfic) , Positive	splash10-000i-9000000000-3ac62b780abd90dd28b1	Spectrum
LC-MS/MS	LC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-ITFT (LTQ Orbitrap XL, Thermo Scientfic) , Positive	splash10-000i-9000000000-eb75eb03a58512ea36df	Spectrum
LC-MS/MS	LC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-QQ (API3000, Applied Biosystems) 10V, Negative	splash10-001i-0900000000-c0f28e4ebdef67c5b509	Spectrum
LC-MS/MS	LC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-QQ (API3000, Applied Biosystems) 20V, Negative	splash10-001i-0900000000-0751a9e803a2e7715d1a	Spectrum
LC-MS/MS	LC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-QQ (API3000, Applied Biosystems) 30V, Negative	splash10-001i-5900000000-8040fc883917239630a7	Spectrum
LC-MS/MS	LC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-QQ (API3000, Applied Biosystems) 40V, Negative	splash10-016s-9000000000-a7f9e8d43e66dbd02b6f	Spectrum
LC-MS/MS	LC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-QQ (API3000, Applied Biosystems) 10V, Positive	splash10-001r-7900000000-da119558c426d9c9d3a1	Spectrum
LC-MS/MS	LC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-QQ (API3000, Applied Biosystems) 20V, Positive	splash10-000i-9000000000-ae8365105ae2a18e0c10	Spectrum
LC-MS/MS	LC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-QQ (API3000, Applied Biosystems) 30V, Positive	splash10-000f-9000000000-228ee614be6648b37433	Spectrum
LC-MS/MS	LC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-QQ (API3000, Applied Biosystems) 40V, Positive	splash10-0006-9000000000-d1f3e047af455e156a1e	Spectrum
LC-MS/MS	LC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-QQ (API3000, Applied Biosystems) 50V, Positive	splash10-0006-9000000000-409dfbdb20719c3afda5	Spectrum
LC-MS/MS	LC-MS/MS Spectrum - CE-ESI-TOF (CE-system connected to 6210 Time-of-Flight MS, Agilent) , Positive	splash10-001i-0900000000-720554d58264a9cfdb67	Spectrum
LC-MS/MS	LC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-QTOF (UPLC Q-Tof Premier, Waters) , Positive	splash10-001i-0900000000-90fab591d1f6d6318002	Spectrum
LC-MS/MS	LC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-QTOF (UPLC Q-Tof Premier, Waters) , Negative	splash10-001i-0900000000-ed843252a559d532dc5e	Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MS	Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 10V, Positive	splash10-0019-9500000000-b9f1203176ce0ca7c11c	Spectrum
MS	Mass Spectrum (Electron Ionization)	splash10-000l-9000000000-bf752e458f13eed8d7a2	Spectrum
1D NMR	13C NMR Spectrum	Not Available	Spectrum
1D NMR	1H NMR Spectrum	Not Available	Spectrum
1D NMR	1H NMR Spectrum	Not Available	Spectrum
1D NMR	13C NMR Spectrum	Not Available	Spectrum
1D NMR	1H NMR Spectrum	Not Available	Spectrum
1D NMR	13C NMR Spectrum	Not Available	Spectrum
1D NMR	1H NMR Spectrum	Not Available	Spectrum
1D NMR	13C NMR Spectrum	Not Available	Spectrum
1D NMR	1H NMR Spectrum	Not Available	Spectrum
1D NMR	13C NMR Spectrum	Not Available	Spectrum
1D NMR	1H NMR Spectrum	Not Available	Spectrum
1D NMR	13C NMR Spectrum	Not Available	Spectrum
1D NMR	1H NMR Spectrum	Not Available	Spectrum
1D NMR	13C NMR Spectrum	Not Available	Spectrum
1D NMR	1H NMR Spectrum	Not Available	Spectrum
1D NMR	13C NMR Spectrum	Not Available	Spectrum
1D NMR	1H NMR Spectrum	Not Available	Spectrum
1D NMR	13C NMR Spectrum	Not Available	Spectrum
1D NMR	1H NMR Spectrum	Not Available	Spectrum
1D NMR	13C NMR Spectrum	Not Available	Spectrum
1D NMR	1H NMR Spectrum	Not Available	Spectrum
1D NMR	13C NMR Spectrum	Not Available	Spectrum
1D NMR	1H NMR Spectrum	Not Available	Spectrum
1D NMR	13C NMR Spectrum	Not Available	Spectrum
2D NMR	[1H,13C] 2D NMR Spectrum	Not Available	Spectrum

Biological Properties

Cellular Locations

Not Available

Biofluid Locations and Tissue Locations

Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF)
Colostrum
Embryo culture media
Feces
Follicular Fluid
Jejunum
Kidney
Kidney perfusate
Liver
Lung
Meat
Milk
Plasma
Rumen
Ruminal Fluid
Serum
Urine

Concentrations

Biofluid	Status	Value	Condition	Species	Reference	Details
Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF)	Detected but not Quantified	Not Applicable	Not Available	Ovine	17510975	details
Colostrum	Detected but not Quantified	Not Applicable	Not Available	Bovine	25637742	details
Colostrum	Detected but not Quantified	Not Applicable	Not Available	Bovine	22361340	details
Colostrum	Detected but not Quantified	Not Applicable	Not Available	Bovine	S. F. Graham, T. ...	details
Embryo culture media	Detected but not Quantified	Not Applicable	Not Available	Bovine	20058302	details
Embryo culture media	Detected but not Quantified	Not Applicable	Not Available	Bovine	20058302	details
Feces	Detected but not Quantified	Not Applicable	Not Available	Ovine	17249687	details
Follicular Fluid	Detected and Quantified	170 +/- 10-200+/-0 uM	Not Available	Porcine	183842	details
Jejunum	Detected but not Quantified	Not Applicable	Not Available	Porcine	21584308	details
Kidney	Detected but not Quantified	Not Applicable	Not Available	Porcine	21761043	details
Kidney perfusate	Detected but not Quantified	Not Applicable	Not Available	Porcine	25502759	details
Liver	Detected but not Quantified	Not Applicable	Not Available	Porcine	21761043	details
Lung	Detected but not Quantified	Not Applicable	Not Available	Porcine	23412987	details
Meat	Detected but not Quantified	Not Applicable	Not Available	Bovine	25637742	details
Meat	Detected but not Quantified	Not Applicable	Not Available	Bovine	22361340	details
Meat	Detected but not Quantified	Not Applicable	Not Available	Bovine	S. F. Graham, T. ...	details
Meat	Detected and Quantified	1.86+/-0.4 umol/g	Not Available	Bovine	S. F. Graham, T. ...	details
Meat	Detected and Quantified	4.03+/-0.99 umol/g	Not Available	Bovine	S. F. Graham, T. ...	details
Meat	Detected and Quantified	7.10+/-1.14 umol/g	Not Available	Bovine	S. F. Graham, T. ...	details
Meat	Detected and Quantified	8.63+/-1.80 umol/g	Not Available	Bovine	S. F. Graham, T. ...	details
Meat	Detected and Quantified	138.21 +/- 19.52 uM	Not Available	Bovine	20831251	details
Meat	Detected and Quantified	150.85 +/- 24.51 uM	Not Available	Bovine	20831251	details
Meat	Detected and Quantified	390.39 +/- 33.32 uM	Not Available	Bovine	20831251	details
Meat	Detected and Quantified	86.05 +/- 6.13 uM	Not Available	Bovine	20831251	details
Milk	Detected and Quantified	2-22 uM	Not Available	Bovine	20338431	details
Plasma	Detected and Quantified	161 +/- 16-210+/-50 uM	Not Available	Porcine	22513987	details
Plasma	Detected and Quantified	183 +/- 16-203+/-6 uM	Not Available	Porcine	22513987	details
Plasma	Detected and Quantified	206 +/- 27-237+/-21 uM	Not Available	Porcine	22513987	details
Plasma	Detected and Quantified	102.2 uM	Not Available	Bovine	17197001	details
Plasma	Detected and Quantified	107.2 uM	Not Available	Bovine	17197001	details
Plasma	Detected and Quantified	120.7 uM	Not Available	Bovine	17197001	details
Plasma	Detected and Quantified	173.1 +/- 50.0 uM	Not Available	Ovine	17900638	details
Plasma	Detected and Quantified	84.4-216.8 uM	Not Available	Ovine	17900638	details
Plasma	Detected but not Quantified	Not Applicable	Not Available	Bovine	22370585	details
Plasma	Detected but not Quantified	Not Applicable	Not Available	Bovine	22370585	details
Plasma	Detected but not Quantified	Not Applicable	Not Available	Bovine	25913299	details
Plasma	Detected but not Quantified	Not Applicable	Not Available	Bovine	24440255	details
Plasma	Detected but not Quantified	Not Applicable	Not Available	Porcine	21859467	details
Plasma	Detected but not Quantified	Not Applicable	Not Available	Equine	E. E. Escalona, J...	details
Plasma	Detected but not Quantified	Not Applicable	Not Available	Ovine	17249687	details
Plasma	Detected but not Quantified	Not Applicable	Not Available	Porcine	19603403	details
Plasma	Detected but not Quantified	Not Applicable	Not Available	Ovine	22242129	details
Plasma	Detected but not Quantified	Not Applicable	Not Available	Bovine	24070026	details
Plasma	Detected but not Quantified	Not Applicable	Not Available	Porcine	20231903	details
Plasma	Detected but not Quantified	Not Applicable	Not Available	Equine	21496096	details
Plasma	Detected and Quantified	260.57 +/- 21.64-288.60+/-21.64 uM	Not Available	Porcine	22492530	details
Plasma	Detected and Quantified	313.57 +/- 21.94-202.29+/-21.94 uM	Not Available	Porcine	22492530	details
Plasma	Detected and Quantified	274.52 uM	Not Available	Porcine	25820777	details
Plasma	Detected and Quantified	276.24 uM	Not Available	Porcine	25820777	details
Plasma	Detected and Quantified	352.96 uM	Not Available	Porcine	25820777	details
Plasma	Detected and Quantified	449.81 uM	Not Available	Porcine	25820777	details
Rumen	Detected but not Quantified	Not Applicable	Not Available	Bovine	Hanne Christine B...	details
Ruminal Fluid	Detected and Quantified	99.2 uM	Not Available	Bovine	Burim NA, Qendrim...	details
Ruminal Fluid	Detected and Quantified	109 uM	Not Available	Bovine	Burim NA, Qendrim...	details
Ruminal Fluid	Detected and Quantified	155 uM	Not Available	Bovine	Burim NA, Qendrim...	details
Ruminal Fluid	Detected and Quantified	164 uM	Not Available	Bovine	Burim NA, Qendrim...	details
Ruminal Fluid	Detected and Quantified	119.2 uM	Not Available	Bovine	22959937	details
Ruminal Fluid	Detected and Quantified	125.8 uM	Not Available	Bovine	22959937	details
Ruminal Fluid	Detected and Quantified	182.8 uM	Not Available	Bovine	22959937	details
Ruminal Fluid	Detected and Quantified	191.3 uM	Not Available	Bovine	22959937	details
Ruminal Fluid	Detected and Quantified	104 +/- 7 uM	Not Available	Bovine	Saleem F, Bouatra...	details
Ruminal Fluid	Detected and Quantified	119 +/- 17 uM	Not Available	Bovine	Saleem F, Bouatra...	details
Ruminal Fluid	Detected and Quantified	145 +/- 46 uM	Not Available	Bovine	Saleem F, Bouatra...	details
Ruminal Fluid	Detected and Quantified	146 +/- 46 uM	Not Available	Bovine	Saleem F, Bouatra...	details
Ruminal Fluid	Detected and Quantified	183 +/- 76 uM	Not Available	Bovine	Saleem F, Bouatra...	details
Ruminal Fluid	Detected and Quantified	122 +/- 46 uM	Not Available	Bovine	22706048	details
Ruminal Fluid	Detected and Quantified	191 +/- 44 uM	Not Available	Bovine	Saleem F, Bouatra...	details
Ruminal Fluid	Detected and Quantified	132 +/- 20 uM	Not Available	Bovine	22706048	details
Ruminal Fluid	Detected and Quantified	95.3 +/- 13 uM	Not Available	Bovine	22706048	details
Ruminal Fluid	Detected and Quantified	487 +/- 84 uM	Not Available	Caprine	22706048	details
Serum	Detected and Quantified	100.3305 +/- 26.4636 uM	Normal	Ovine	Goldansaz et al.,...	details
Serum	Detected and Quantified	124.9085 +/- 30.2656 uM	Normal	Ovine	Goldansaz et al.,...	details
Serum	Detected and Quantified	82.152 +/- 18.0807 uM	Normal	Ovine	Goldansaz et al.,...	details
Serum	Detected and Quantified	112.3755 +/- 40.2885 uM	Normal	Ovine	Goldansaz et al.,...	details
Serum	Detected and Quantified	104.9201 +/- 32.6107 uM	Normal	Ovine	Goldansaz et al.,...	details
Serum	Detected and Quantified	122.8836 +/- 41.6865 uM	Normal	Ovine	Goldansaz et al.,...	details
Serum	Detected and Quantified	94.5133 +/- 13.3292 uM	Normal	Ovine	Goldansaz et al.,...	details
Serum	Detected and Quantified	238.159 uM	Not Available	Porcine	26020888	details
Serum	Detected and Quantified	171.301 uM	Not Available	Porcine	26020888	details
Serum	Detected and Quantified	190.664 uM	Not Available	Porcine	26020888	details
Serum	Detected and Quantified	220.777 uM	Not Available	Porcine	26020888	details
Serum	Detected and Quantified	115.0583 +/- 42.0581 uM	Normal	Ovine	Goldansaz et al.,...	details
Serum	Detected and Quantified	101.24 +/- 44.84 uM	Not Available	Ovine	Candidate serum m...	details
Serum	Detected and Quantified	117.1348 +/- 40.6835 uM	Normal	Ovine	Goldansaz et al.,...	details
Serum	Detected and Quantified	98.8246 +/- 23.911 uM	Normal	Ovine	Goldansaz et al.,...	details
Serum	Detected but not Quantified	Not Applicable	Not Available	Porcine	21942754	details
Serum	Detected but not Quantified	Not Applicable	Not Available	Porcine	18989615	details
Serum	Detected but not Quantified	Not Applicable	Not Available	Porcine	23255817	details
Serum	Detected but not Quantified	Not Applicable	Not Available	Porcine	26020888	details
Serum	Detected but not Quantified	Not Applicable	Not Available	Porcine	22761248	details
Serum	Detected and Quantified	124.924 +/- 42.8596 uM	Normal	Ovine	Goldansaz et al.,...	details
Serum	Detected but not Quantified	Not Applicable	Not Available	Porcine	21584308	details
Serum	Detected but not Quantified	Not Applicable	Not Available	Bovine	25372282	details
Serum	Detected but not Quantified	Not Applicable	Not Available	Bovine	25372282	details
Serum	Detected but not Quantified	Not Applicable	Not Available	Bovine	25372282	details
Serum	Detected but not Quantified	Not Applicable	Not Available	Porcine	21761043	details
Serum	Detected but not Quantified	Not Applicable	Not Available	Equine	Lucia Pappalardo,...	details
Serum	Detected but not Quantified	Not Applicable	Not Available	Porcine	21429726	details
Serum	Detected but not Quantified	Not Applicable	Not Available	Caprine	24214495	details
Serum	Detected and Quantified	180 +/- 0 uM	Not Available	Porcine	183842	details
Serum	Detected and Quantified	117.0581 +/- 38.0251 uM	Normal	Ovine	Goldansaz et al.,...	details
Serum	Detected and Quantified	100.1224 +/- 28.503 uM	Normal	Ovine	Goldansaz et al.,...	details
Serum	Detected and Quantified	98.7042 +/- 47.1197 uM	Normal	Ovine	Goldansaz et al.,...	details
Serum	Detected and Quantified	82.1796 +/- 16.3132 uM	Normal	Ovine	Goldansaz et al.,...	details
Serum	Detected and Quantified	97.7321 +/- 26.452 uM	Normal	Ovine	Goldansaz et al.,...	details
Serum	Detected and Quantified	120.0113 +/- 45.1376 uM	Normal	Ovine	Goldansaz et al.,...	details
Serum	Detected and Quantified	83.4163 +/- 18.1648 uM	Normal	Ovine	Goldansaz et al.,...	details
Serum	Detected and Quantified	110.1382 +/- 52.0032 uM	Normal	Ovine	Goldansaz et al.,...	details
Serum	Detected and Quantified	173.4 uM	Not Available	Porcine	Barbara U. Metzle...	details
Serum	Detected and Quantified	288.8 uM	Not Available	Porcine	Barbara U. Metzle...	details
Serum	Detected and Quantified	298.4 uM	Not Available	Porcine	Barbara U. Metzle...	details
Serum	Detected and Quantified	340.8 uM	Not Available	Porcine	Barbara U. Metzle...	details
Serum	Detected and Quantified	132.7911 +/- 42.8675 uM	Normal	Ovine	Goldansaz et al.,...	details
Urine	Detected but not Quantified	Not Applicable	Not Available	Porcine	21761043	details
Urine	Detected but not Quantified	Not Applicable	Not Available	Equine	E. E. Escalona, J...	details